?????????

?????????? ????????
?????????? ???????? Republik ?sterreich
	???? ???????
	??????????: —
	???????????: Land der Berge, Land am Strome (???????); ???????? ????, ?????? ????????? ????;
	????????: ????????? (dark green)百度许峰认为。 – in ????????? (light green & dark grey); – in ???????? ???????????? (light green) — [Legend]
????????	???????
????? ????	???????
????? ????(???)	???????,; ???????? , ????????? ??????? ??????????
??????	?????????????
?????????	?????????? ???????????? ????????
? ????????????????	???????????? ???? ???? ??????
? ?????????	??????????? ???????
?????????
? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????.	; ???? 27, 1955
? ????????? ?????????	???????? 26, 1955 (??????: ?????????? ??????: 1804, ????? ?????????? ????????: 1918)
??????
? ???????	83,883 km2 (32,387 sq mi) (115????)
? ???? (%)	1.7
?????? ????
? 2007 ?????????	8,316,487 (93????)
? 2023 ????????????	9,104,772
? ????????	109/km2 (282.3/sq mi) (78????)
??.?.?. (??.?.?.)	2008 ?????????
? ???????	$317.007 ????????? (34????)
? ??????????	$39,647 (IMF) (8????)
??.?.?. (???????)	2008 ?????????
? ???????	$371.219 ????????? (23????)
? ??????????	$44,851 (IMF) (12????)
???? (2000)	29.1; ????
????? (2005)	0,951; Error: Invalid HDI value · 14????
??????	???? (€) 2 (EUR)
??? ?????	?.?.??+1 (CET)
? ???? (?.??.??.)	?.?.??+2 (CEST)
?????????????	43
?????? ????	.at 3
	????????, ?????????, ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????.; 1999 ??????: ?????????? ??????????.; .eu ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????????.;

????????? (Austria ???????/???stri?/^?) ?????? ?????????? ???????? (Republic of Austria) ?????? ??????????? ???? ??????????????? ????????? ???? ?????. ????? 8.5 ????????? ?????? ????????????.^[2] ???? ????????? ?????? ???????, ???? ????????, ??????? ????????????, ???????, ?????? ??????????, ???????, ?????? ???????????????, ??????????????? ???? ??????? ???????????. ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????. ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? 83,855 ???? ?????????????? (32,377 sq mi) ?????????? ????????????. ??? ??????? ????????????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????. ???????? 32% ???????????? 500 ?????????? (1,640 ???) ????? ??????; ??? ?????? ?????? 3,798 ?????????? (12,461 ???) ??????.^[3] ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????.^[4] ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????.^[5] ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????, ????????????? ???????, ????????? ??????? ?????.^[3]

?????? ??????

?????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ?????. ????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ????????. ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????. ????????????? ????, ???????, ????????, ??????????? ???????, ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????; ????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???????. 17???,18??? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????????.^[6]^[7] ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? 1804??? ?????????????. ????????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????????. 1866??? ????????-????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????????????. 1867??? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????-??????? ????????. 1870??? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????????????????????. ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????????. 1914??? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????; ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????????????.

????? ????? ??????

????? ????? ?????? ???????? 1918??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????-????????? ???????? (Deutsch?sterreich, ??????? ?sterreich) ???? ????? ???????????????. ????? 1919??? ????????-????????-???-???? ??????????????? ??? ??? ?????????????. 1919??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????. 1938??? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????.^[8] 1945??? ???????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?????????. ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????. 1955??? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ????????????????. ??? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????; ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????????.

????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????.^[3]^[9] 1.7 ????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????.^[3]^[10] $46,330 (2012 ?????????) ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????. ???????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ??????; 2011??? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? 19???? ???????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ??????? 1955 ????? ??????????? ??????;^[11] 1995??? ???????? ????????????? ????????;^[3] ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????.^[12] ????????? 1995??? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????????????.^[13] 1999??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????.

??????

?????? ?????

?????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ??????. ????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????????? ?????. ??? ???????????? ???????? ????? ?????. ???????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????. ?????? ????????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????????????????????. ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????????????????? ????????????? ????????, ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????. ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????????.

??????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??????????

???????????? ??????????????? ??.??. ??????????? ??????? ??????????, ????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ???????????????. ???? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????????, ???????,

???????? (Raetia)
???????? (Noricum)
??????? (Pannonia) ????????????.

???? ??????????

???? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????. ???????? ???? 800?????? 1918?????? ????????? ?????????. ??? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ??????.

????????

???????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ???????????.

?????????

??????????????

?????????

???? ?????????

????????????

?????????

??????

??????????????

???????

????????

????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????????. ???????? ???????? ???? ??????????, ????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????, ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????????, ??????????? ?????.

????????? ?????????

????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????????????. ???? ?????? ??????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ????????????? (statutory cities) ??????????????????. ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????????????.

???????	Bundesland	????????	Hauptstadt	???????? (sq km)	???????? 1 ????? 2023
??????????????	Burgenland	??????????????	Eisenstadt	3,965	301,250
?????????	Carinthia	??????????????	Klagenfurt am W?rthersee	9,537	568,984
???? ?????????	Lower Austria	??????? ??????????	Sankt P?lten	19,180	1,718,373
?????????	Salzburg	?????????	Salzburg	7,155	568,346
????????	Styria	??????	Graz	16,399	1,265,198
??????	Tyrol	??????????	Innsbruck	12,648	771,304
???? ?????????	Upper Austria	??????	Linz	11,982	1,522,825
???????	Vienna	—	—	415	1,982,097
?????????????	Vorarlberg	??????????	Bregenz	2,602	406,395

???? ????????

?????????
Hallstatt
???????????
Salzburg
???????????? ?????? (???????)
Sch?nbrunn palace (Vienna)
?????????? ??????????????
Semmering railway
????????
Graz
???????? ????????????? (????????)
Eggenberg palace (Graz)
????????
Wachau
?????????????
Lake Neusiedl

???????????

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Austria, economic data
↑ "Bev?lkerungsstand und ?ver?nderung". Statistik Austria. 19 May 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 "Austria". ? ???????? ??????????. ?????? ????? ?????. 14 May 2009. Archived from the original on 10 June 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
↑ "Die Bev?lkerung nach Umgangssprache, Staatsangeh?rigkeit und Geburtsland" (PDF). Statistik Austria. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2010.
↑ "Austria". ?????????????? ??????????????. 31 May 2009. Archived from the original on 19 April 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
↑ Market Liberalism: A Paradigm for the 21st Century, page 247, David Boaz, Edward H. Crane, ?????? ????????, Washington D.C. 1993, ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-932790-98-9
↑ The Transformation of European Politics, 1763–1848, Oxford History of Modern Europe, page 209, Paul W. Schroeder, Oxford University Press, 1996, ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-19-820654-5
↑ "Anschluss". ?????????????? ??????????????. 24 September 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
↑ Lonnie Johnson 17
↑ "Probez?hlung 2006 – Bev?lkerungszahl" (PDF). Statistik Austria (in German). 31 October 2006. Retrieved 27 May 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
↑ Jelavich 267
↑ "Austria About". OECD. Archived from the original on 6 May 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2009.
↑ "Austria joins Schengen". Migration News. May 1995. Retrieved 30 May 2009.

[autogenerated1-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Austria, economic data

[Population-2] "Bev?lkerungsstand und ?ver?nderung". Statistik Austria. 19 May 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2011.

[CIA-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 "Austria". ? ???????? ??????????. ?????? ????? ?????. 14 May 2009. Archived from the original on 10 June 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.

[Language-4] "Die Bev?lkerung nach Umgangssprache, Staatsangeh?rigkeit und Geburtsland" (PDF). Statistik Austria. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2010.

[Britannica-5] "Austria". ?????????????? ??????????????. 31 May 2009. Archived from the original on 19 April 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.

[6] Market Liberalism: A Paradigm for the 21st Century, page 247, David Boaz, Edward H. Crane, ?????? ????????, Washington D.C. 1993, ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-932790-98-9

[7] The Transformation of European Politics, 1763–1848, Oxford History of Modern Europe, page 209, Paul W. Schroeder, Oxford University Press, 1996, ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-19-820654-5

[Britannica_Anschluss-8] "Anschluss". ?????????????? ??????????????. 24 September 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.

[johnson_17-9] Lonnie Johnson 17

[Vienna_pop-10] "Probez?hlung 2006 – Bev?lkerungszahl" (PDF). Statistik Austria (in German). 31 October 2006. Retrieved 27 May 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[11] Jelavich 267

[OECD-12] "Austria About". OECD. Archived from the original on 6 May 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2009.

[Schengen-13] "Austria joins Schengen". Migration News. May 1995. Retrieved 30 May 2009.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

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